Physical migration and film formation: During vulcanization, microcrystalline wax dissolves in the rubber; after cooling, it precipitates from a supersaturated state and continuously migrates toward the surface.

Physical barrier: This film prevents ozone from coming into contact with rubber molecules. It is a physical ozone inhibitor and is often used in conjunction with chemical antioxidants.

Applications and Advantages

Typical Products: Tires, rubber seals, rubber hoses, O-rings, etc.

Advantages and Features: Microcrystalline wax has a high melting point, good toughness, and a fine, dense crystalline structure. The wax film it forms is not prone to flaking off, and it provides better high-temperature protection than ordinary paraffin wax.